God does not remove zeal He redeems it

Reuben

In Genesis 49, Jacob is giving sentimental blessings which are prophetic declarations over his sons and reveal both character and destiny, shaped by past actions and future outcomes. The prophecy over Reuben is especially sobering. First, acknowledged as the firstborn, carrying natural privileges: which are Jacob's might, and the beginning of his strength. This had given him a position of leadership, honor, and authority, the excellency of dignity and power, which is associated with kingship and priestly influence. However, his potential is tragically undercut by character failure.

Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity and the excellency of power. 4 Unstable as water, you shall not excel, because you went up to your father’s bed; Then you defiled it— He went up to my couch (Genesis 49:3-4).

Unstable as water speaks to moral instability, lack of self-control, and inconsistency. Water has no fixed form, it flows wherever pressure pushes it. Reuben allowed impulse to override responsibility when he defiled his father’s bed [Genesis 35:22]. That act permanently disqualified him from the privileges normally attached to the firstborn.

 

The prophetic verdict, was that he would not excel. This was fulfilled as the kingship went to Judah, priesthood was taken by Levi, and the double inheritance went to Joseph. Reuben received none of these, in the history of Israel he never produced a king, judge or prophet. He had the position, but lack of discipline, denied him the power to sustain it. Therefore, destiny is shaped not only by calling, but by character. Great beginnings do not guarantee great endings. Reuben settled east of the Jordan, away from the center of worship and national life [Numbers 32]. Over time, the tribe became politically passive and militarily vulnerable.

He is rebuked by Deborah for being passive [Judges 5:15–16]. When Deborah and Barak called Israel to fight against the Canaanite oppressor led by Sisera, the tribes of Zebulun, Naphtali responded courageously. Others hesitated or stayed out, Reuben being one of them who is singled out.

 

Reuben did not openly oppose the battle, but kept debating internally, delayed action, and ultimately chose comfort and economic security over national responsibility. Sheepfolds and piping for the flocks, represents economic security and comfort. Reuben was among the first tribes to be taken into exile by Assyria [1 Chronicles 5:26]. After this, the tribe virtually disappears from biblical history.

 

Simeon and Levi

Simeon and Levi acted with excessive violence by slaughtering all the men of Shechem in retaliation for Dinah’s rape, using deceit and cruelty rather than justice [Genesis 34:25–29]. Their action was condemned not for seeking justice, but for the ferocity and collective punishment involved. Jacob did not curse the individuals directly but condemned their anger and wrath. Their punishment was being divided and scattered in Israel, reflects the social and political consequences of their violent disposition.

Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce; And their wrath, for it is cruel! I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel (Genesis 49:7).

Simeon’s scattering occurred through numerical decline and loss of territorial identity. Though initially he had the third-largest tribe at the Exodus [Numbers 1:23], Simeon became the smallest by the second census [Numbers 26:14]. Their inheritance was eventually absorbed within Judah’s territory, effectively dissolving their tribal distinctiveness [Joshua 19:1].

 

Levi’s scattering took a different form. They received no territorial inheritance, instead being distributed among all Israel as priests and servants of the Lord [Joshua 13:33]. What began as judgment became transformed into vocation.  Levi’s loyalty during the golden calf incident, standing with Moses against idolatry, marked a turning point [Exodus 32:26–28]. Their scattering became a blessing, enabling spiritual leadership across Israel rather than political dominance.

 

Both Simeon and Levi experienced the fulfillment of Jacob’s prophecy, but with divergent outcomes. Simeon’s scattering led to decline and near disappearance. Levi’s scattering led to spiritual elevation and lasting influence. Therefore, divine judgment does not eliminate the possibility of redemption. While uncontrolled anger leads to loss and obscurity (Simeon), repentance and faithfulness can transform judgment into purpose (Levi). The reason behind this is that, God’s justice addresses sin, but His grace reshapes outcomes when there is obedience, showing that destiny in Scripture is shaped not only by origin, but by response to God.

 

Judah

Judah’s life demonstrates that divine election is grounded in grace rather than moral perfection. He proposed selling Joseph into slavery [Genesis 37:26], failed morally in his encounter with Tamar, whom he believed to be a prostitute [Genesis 38:18, 26], yet remained within God’s redemptive purpose.   Judah’s decisive spiritual turning point occurs when he interceded for Benjamin and offers himself as a substitute before Joseph [Genesis 44:18–34]. This act marks a shift from self-preservation to self-sacrifice, qualifying him for leadership.

“Judah, you are he whom your brothers shall praise; Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies; Your father’s children shall bow down before you.

9 Judah is a lion’s whelp; From the prey, my son, you have gone up. He bows down, he lies down as a lion; And as a lion, who shall rouse him? (Genesis 49:8-12).

 

Judah’s confession, “She is more righteous than I” [Genesis 38:26], reflects accountability and repentance, which become prerequisites for God’s blessing rather than disqualifiers. Jacob prophesies Judah’s preeminence among the tribes, authority over enemies, leadership among brothers, and royal symbolism captured in the image of the lion. The “lion’s whelp” symbolizes strength, sovereignty, and enduring rule, establishing Judah as the royal tribe from which Israel’s kings would arise.

 

The promise reaches beyond immediate tribal dominance to its ultimate fulfillment in the Messiah, identified in [Revelation 5:5] as “the Lion of the tribe of Judah.” The reference to “Shiloh” signals the coming ruler to whom the obedience of the nation’s belongs, traditionally understood as a messianic title fulfilled in Christ. Approximately 640 years pass from Judah to King David, establishing the royal line, and roughly 1,600 years from Judah to Christ, marking the culmination of the promise in Jesus.

 

Judah’s story illustrates that God’s grace does not ignore sin but redeems the sinner, transforming failure into fitness for leadership and making repentance the pathway to divine purpose. Jesus Christ, the true Lion of Judah, embodies the fulfillment of Judah’s blessing, perfect kingship arising from a lineage shaped by grace rather than merit.

 

Zebulun

Jacob prophesied that Zebulun would “dwell by the haven of the sea” and function as a place of maritime access and commerce, with influence extending toward Sidon, a major Phoenician port. Zebulun’s territory lay strategically between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Galilee, positioning the tribe along key land and trade routes connecting coastal and inland regions [Joshua 19:10–16]. Though Zebulun may not have directly controlled a coastline, its proximity to maritime corridors allowed it to benefit from sea trade, transport, and interaction with Phoenician merchants from Sidon.

Zebulun shall dwell by the haven of the sea; He shall become a haven for ships, and his border shall adjoin Sidon (Genesis 49:13).

The language of a “haven” reflects commercial access and economic orientation rather than strict coastal ownership, emphasizing trade networks over territorial boundaries. Reference to Sidon highlights Zebulun’s outward-facing identity, engaged with Gentile trade, culture, and economic exchange rather than isolation. Zebulun’s placement illustrates how God assigns tribes roles within the covenant community, Zebulun’s role being connection, movement, and provision through commerce.

 

The region of Zebulun later features prominently in Jesus’ ministry, fulfilling Isaiah’s prophecy that “Galilee of the Gentiles” would see a great light [Isaiah 9:1–2; Matthew 4:13–16]. Zebulun’s blessing shows that divine purpose can be fulfilled through strategic positioning, economic service, and openness to the nations, not only through kingship or priesthood.

 

Issachar

Issachar saw that rest was good, and that the land was pleasant, so he bowed his shoulder to bear a burden, and became a band of slaves. On a map of tribal Israel [Joshua 19:17–23], locate Issachar in the fertile Jezreel Valley. East of Mount Carmel, West of the Jordan Valley, South of Zebulun, and North of Manasseh. This region was one of the most agriculturally productive areas in ancient Israel. Moreover, fertility attracts prosperity and predators in equal measure.

 

A strong donkey, symbolized capacity, strength, endurance, willingness to labor, and not leadership. Therefore, Issachar possessed capacity without assertiveness, strong enough to work, but not inclined to rule or resist. Therefore, strength alone does not guarantee freedom. However, he had comfort in stability, and acceptance of pressure from opposing forces. This gave him strategic location without vigilance, which invited domination. Issachar “saw that the land was pleasant” fit for agricultural productivity, peaceful coexistence, and chose comfort over conflict. This guaranteed him stability over sovereignty.

“Issachar is a strong donkey, Lying down between two burdens. ... (Genesis 49:14-15).

As a result, they were frequently targeted by oppressive foreign armies seeking food, labor, and control. Therefore, enjoyment of blessing without defense leads to exploitation. So, Issachar was subjected to forced labor. When strength is unaccompanied by resolve, it becomes a tool for others.

 

Judah's strength was expressed through leadership, while Zebulun's strength was expressed through trade and movement. However, Issachar's strength was expressed through labor and endurance. Each had strength, but different postures toward power. Therefore, God-given strength must be stewarded with wisdom. Later, Issachar is remembered positively for wisdom and discernment, as the men of Issachar, had understanding of the times… [1 Chronicles 12:32]. This suggests growth from mere laborers to strategic thinkers. This teaches that abundance invites pressure, comfort can weaken resolve, and strength without courage leads to servitude. Yet, God’s purposes still allow transformation over time.

 

Dan

Jacob’s prophecy identified Dan as a tribe associated with judgment and leadership. The name Dan means “judge.” This calling finds fulfillment in Samson, one of Israel’s most prominent judges [Judges 13:2]. However, divine calling does not guarantee faithful execution. Samson demonstrates, extraordinary strength, charismatic leadership, and moral inconsistency. His victories came through surprise and disruption, aligning with the imagery of the serpent.

Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 17 Dan shall be a serpent by the way, a viper by the path, that bites the horse’s heels so that its rider shall fall backward. 18 I have waited for your salvation, O Lord (Genesis 49:16-18).

This illustrates that power exercised without discipline becomes unpredictable. The serpent imagery suggests, cunning rather than open confrontation, tactical success through ambush. While effective against enemies, such methods lacked covenant faithfulness and moral clarity. Therefore, tactical success is not the same as spiritual obedience.

 

Originally allotted coastal territory, Dan failed to fully dislodge the Philistines [Judges 1:34]. The tribe migrated north and captured Laish, renaming it Dan [Judges 18]. This relocation marked a departure from God’s original territorial design. However, displacement often followed spiritual compromise. Dan institutionalized idolatry by setting up a graven image and appointing a non-Levitical priest [Judges 18:30]. Later, Dan became one of the two main centers of state-sponsored idol worship under Jeroboam I [1 Kings 12:26–30].

 

One tribe’s compromise can corrupt the whole nation, the prophet Amos condemns Dan as a center of false worship [Amos 8:14]. Hence, Dan is omitted from the tribal list in [Revelation 7], reinforcing its symbolic association with apostasy. Therefore, persistent unfaithfulness leads to loss of spiritual legacy. Dan represents, authority without obedience, power without covenant loyalty, influence that destabilizes rather than builds. Samson illustrates both the promise and tragedy of the tribe. Dan shows that God-given power, when divorced from faithfulness, becomes a source of spiritual danger rather than deliverance.

 

Gad

The name Gad is linked to the idea of a troop or raiding band. Jacob’s blessing uses a Hebrew wordplay (gĕdûd), emphasizing repeated conflict. Gad’s destiny is defined by conflict, not comfort. Gad settled east of the Jordan River. This location exposed the tribe to, nomadic raiders, foreign invasions, and border instability. Frontline positioning brought both vulnerability and responsibility.

Gad, a troop shall tramp upon him, but he shall triumph at last (Genesis 49:19).

In Jeremiah’s time, Gad’s territory was occupied by foreign armies [Jeremiah 49:1]. Prophecy includes struggle, not exemption from hardship. Despite pressure, Gad became known for elite warriors. Gadite soldiers who joined David were described as, mighty, swift, and fearless in battle [1 Chronicles 12:14]. Hard environments often produce strong people. Gad’s history shows, temporary subjugation, then eventual recovery and contribution to Israel’s strength. God’s promises emphasize the end, not the struggle. Therefore, Gad illustrates, perseverance under pressure, faithfulness in unstable conditions, and courage forged through adversity. Hence, being attacked does not mean being abandoned. Gad illustrates a redemptive theme: suffering → endurance → strength → victory [James 1:2-4].

 

Asher

Asher settled in the northwestern part of Israel [Joshua 19:24–31], along the Mediterranean coast. Bordered by, Zebulun and Naphtali to the east, Manasseh to the south, and Phoenician territory to the north. Coastal access and fertile land provided trade and agricultural advantages. The tribe’s land was fertile, producing, grain and olive oil, fruit and other luxuries. Oil symbolized wealth and blessing [Deuteronomy 33:24]. God’s blessing is expressed materially as well as spiritually.

Bread from Asher shall be rich, and he shall yield royal dainties (Genesis 49:20).

Asher’s production of royal dainties suggests, contribution to Israel’s feasts and governance. Potential trade with surrounding nations. On a map, Asher’s coastal position provided access to maritime commerce, amplifying its prosperity. Strategic placement enhances the impact of God-given resources.

 

Moses reiterates Asher’s blessing, fertility: blessed with children, wealth: “dip his foot in oil,” favor among brethren: social acceptance and influence. Abundance is holistic, material, social, and familial. Asher illustrates that God distributes resources according to purpose. Wealth and provision are a means to serve the community, not merely personal comfort. Coastal and fertile positioning shows that God’s blessing can be strategically located for the benefit of all Israel. Asher’s land brought both necessities and luxuries, demonstrating that God’s provision equips His people to thrive and bless others.

 

Naphtali

Naphtali occupied territory north and west of the Sea of Galilee [Joshua 19:32–39].Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali. The region included, fertile hills, open spaces, and key movement corridors around the lake. Geography shaped Naphtali’s identity as a people of movement and openness.

“Naphtali is a deer let loose; He uses beautiful words (Genesis 49:21).

The deer symbolizes, speed and agility, freedom from restraint, graceful movement, Naphtali’s blessing emphasizes, mobility rather than dominance. Not all strength is forceful—some strength is swift and free. Additionally, Naphtali’s identity is linked to speech that uplifts and persuades, not coercion. He uses beautiful words, eloquence, proclamation, and communication of good news. God values beauty in expression as much as power in action. Jesus conducted much of His ministry in Galilee, including Naphtali’s region [Matthew 4:12–16]. Isaiah’s prophecy of light shining in “Galilee of the Gentiles” is fulfilled here. Naphtali’s “beautiful words” find ultimate fulfillment in Christ’s teaching.

 

Naphtali represents, freedom under God’s purpose, the spread of divine truth through words, and graceful movement of God’s redemptive plan. God often chooses open spaces and overlooked regions to reveal His light. Naphtali’s role is proclamation and freedom, preparing hearts for revelation.

 

Joseph

Joseph faced hatred from his brothers, and false accusation, imprisonment. Yet opposition became the pathway to exaltation. Hostility cannot hinder God’s purpose. Jacob attributes Joseph’s success to, the Mighty One of Jacob, the Shepherd, and the Stone of Israel. His strength was God-derived, not self-made. Endurance is sustained by divine strength. Joseph received layered blessings, heavenly blessings above, earthly blessings beneath, and generational blessings. These blessings surpass those of his brothers. Faithfulness invites abundance.

“Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough by a well; His branches run over the wall (Genesis 49:22-26).

Like Christ, Joseph was beloved, yet rejected, suffered unjustly, exalted to save many, and his fruitfulness points to redemptive suffering. God brings salvation through suffering servants. Joseph remained rooted in God, and his life overflowed with fruit that blessed nations beyond his own walls.

 

Benjamin

Benjamin’s cruelty and moral collapse is highlighted [Judges 19–20]. The tribe defended wickedness, leading to civil war and near extinction. Loyalty without righteousness becomes destructive. Benjaminites were known as, skilled warriors, and ambidextrous fighters [Judges 20:16]. Their strategic location between Judah and Ephraim made them both defenders and aggressors. Strategic position magnifies moral responsibility. Morning” and night suggest, constant activity, and tireless pursuit. Benjamin’s energy was unrelenting, whether for good or ill. God-given drive must be governed by God-given truth.

Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; In the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil (Genesis 49:27).

Paul exemplifies redemption of Benjamin’s zeal, once destructive, later redirected toward the gospel [Acts 9]. Zeal transformed becomes spiritual power. God does not remove zeal He redeems it. Benjamin represents, courage and intensity, potential for violence or victory, and zeal that requires moral anchoring. Benjamin’s wolf-like zeal could destroy or deliver, its legacy depended on whether passion was ruled by righteousness.

 

Though Jacob was now in Egypt, he knew he was not an Egyptian. He was a son of the promise, an heir of God’s covenant with Abraham, and he asked to be buried in the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by covenant.

George G. Ruheni, PhD.

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